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Claire Hardaker, a linguistics expert from the university's faculty of arts and social sciences, studied almost 4,000 online cases involving claims of trolling, The Independent reported.
Trolls operate out of a feeling of power, amusement, boredom and revenge and thrive on the anonymity which the internet provides, she found.
The research identified seven tactics used by trolls to bombard their victims with insults and threats. These include digressing from the topic at hand, especially onto sensitive topics, and hypocriticising ? pedantic criticism of grammar, spelling or punctuation in a post, which itself contains proof-reading errors.
Antipathising, by taking up an alienating position, asking pseudo-naive questions is another tactic used by trolls besides giving dangerous advice and encouraging risky behaviour.
Trolls also employ "shock strategy" by being insensitive about sensitive topics, explicit about taboo topics, etc. They also provoke others by insulting or threatening them.
They may cross-post ? sending the same offensive or provocative message to multiple groups and then waiting for the response.
"Aggression, deception and manipulation are increasingly part of online interaction, yet many users are unaware that not only some of these behaviours exist, but how destructive and insidious they can be," Hardaker said.
She also found that while trolling is associated with the young, trolls come from all ages and backgrounds.
"An incredible amount of time and strategy can be involved in trolling, as my research into the techniques they use highlights," she said.
She warned that trolling can in some cases develop into more serious behaviour, including cyberharassment and cyberstalking.
The study was published in the Journal of Language, Aggression and Conflict.
Source: http://feeds.hindustantimes.com/~r/HT-WorldSectionPage-Topstories/~3/PaUYCgBgIYw/story01.htm
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This week we revisited the best Google Reader alternatives, dealt with our slow internet, crushed procrastination, and checked out some new office furniture. Here's a look back.
Google is closing Google Reader's doors on July 1st, meaning you'll need to find a new way to get your news fix. Here's how to export all your feeds and put them into a new reader (and which ones you should check out).
Sometimes, slow internet is the universe's way of telling you to go play outside. Other times, it's the universe's cruel joke to destroy your productivity. Here are 10 ways to troubleshoot, fix, or just survive a slow internet connection.
Procrastination is something that everyone deals with. It?s hard to place too much blame on ourselves though, as the internet offers an unlimited amount of alternatives to doing our work. Since that?s the case, what are some proven ways to combat procrastination? Let?s take a look!
You can't have a great workspace without a great desk and chair. While we know of thepopular options, a lot of inexpensive but awesome office furniture exists that you've probably never heard of. Here's a look at some of the best we've found (and their DIY alternatives).
Whether it?s consumer debt on credit cards, student loans, or a mortgage, most people find themselves weighed down by debt at some point in their lives. This can keep us working jobs we hate just to pay the bills and keep our heads above water. By learning how to pay off debt, you can release the burden and remove some some stress. I?m going to explain how to pay off your debt as fast as possible using the "stack method."
After promising your boss you would complete an important assignment on time, you realize you're behind and it's going to be late. You unintentionally leave a colleague out of the loop on a joint project, causing him or her to feel frustrated and a bit betrayed. On the subway, you aren't paying attention and accidentally spill hot coffee all over a stranger's expensive suit. It's time for a mea culpa.
I started running a year ago. I had just begun a new job after leaving my own startup. I was tired of being a founder and desperately needed a break. I wanted to have a calmer lifestyle and I wanted a hobby. Running seemed like a great choice for a hobby. As a computer programmer, my brain gets a great workout but my butt sits in a computer chair all day. I thought that a little bit of exercise would balance it out.
I?ve always been an entrepreneurial sprinkler, chasing business ideas in every direction. This drive was finally channeled three years ago. Some close friends of mine challenged me to pick a business idea and pour myself into it. I chose Craigslist.
Gmail and If This Then That are already two of our favorite services. When you combine the two together they become seriously powerful. Here are a few of our favorite IFTTT recipes that make Gmail even more awesome.
Human memory is quirky, complicated, and unreliable. Even when we think we're remembering everything accurately, chances are things have gotten twisted along the way. Let?s take a look at why your memory sucks, and how you can change that.
When I was 14, my stereo broke. Opening it up, I found a small piece of metal had been disconnected from the circuit board at the base. I grabbed a lighter, and melted the piece back in place. I plugged the stereo back in, and turned it on. It worked. It was the first time I actually got something I tried to fix working.
For the first two weeks of last month, I religiously tried to follow a new routine I created for myself: a 7-day work week routine. The idea was quite simple: I would work 7 days a week, rest 7 days a week, go to the gym 7 days a week, reflect 7 days a week. This was less about working lots, and more about feeling fulfilled every day.
Microsoft showed off an in-depth look at Windows 8.1 today, and released a preview for everyone to try out. Here are all the new features you'll find in the next version of Windows.
If you want to put homegrown fruits and vegetables on the table, you don't have to go out and buy seeds; you can generate all the food you want with old kitchen scraps.
RelatedYou spend hours at a time at your desk, so hopefully you're sitting in a comfortable chair. If not, it might be time for an upgrade. This week,? Read?
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If you were hoping your BlackBerry PlayBook would get a taste of BlackBerry 10, think twice: Thorsten Heins just revealed that the new OS isn't coming to the company's tablet due to performance and user experience concerns.
Developing...
Filed under: Tablets, Mobile, Blackberry
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/6JvAfMMRx3M/
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Every week, a new and interesting human being tackles our decidedly geeky take on the Proustian Q&A. This is the Engadget Questionnaire.
In this week's edition of our regular answer sessions, Adobe's VP of Experience Design Michael Gough discusses digital sketching and six-fingered spies. Head to the other side of the jump to peruse those and a number of other topics in this coup d'état of queries.
Filed under: Misc
Source: Distro Issue 97
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/QvLTyWkXNU0/
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Public release date: 28-Jun-2013
Share ] Contact: Lisa M.P. Munoz
spsp.publicaffairs@gmail.com
703-951-3195
Society for Personality and Social Psychology
June 28, 2013 - Divorce has a bigger impact on child-parent relationships if it occurs in the first few years of the child's life, according to new research. Those who experience parental divorce early in their childhood tend to have more insecure relationships with their parents as adults than those who experience divorce later, researchers say.
"By studying variation in parental divorce, we are hoping to learn more about how early experiences predict the quality of people's close relationships later in life," says R. Chris Fraley of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Psychologists are especially interested in childhood experiences, as their impact can extend into adulthood, but studying such early experiences is challenging, as people's memories of particular events vary widely. Parental divorce is a good event to study, he says, as people can accurately report if and when their parents divorced, even if they do not have perfect recollection of the details.
In two studies published today in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Fraley and graduate student Marie Heffernan examined the timing and effects of divorce on both parental and romantic relationships, as well as differences in how divorce affects relationships with mothers versus fathers. In the first study, they analyzed data from 7,735 people who participated in a survey about personality and close relationships through yourpersonality.net. More than one-third of the survey participants' parents divorced and the average age of divorce was about 9 years old.
The researchers found that individuals from divorced families were less likely to view their current relationships with their parents as secure. And people who experienced parental divorce between birth and 3 to 5 years of age were more insecure in their current relationships with their parents compared to those whose parents divorced later in childhood.
"A person who has a secure relationship with a parent is more likely than someone who is insecure to feel that they can trust the parent," Fraley says. "Such a person is more comfortable depending on the parent and is confident that the parent will be psychologically available when needed."
Although there was a tendency for people to experience more anxiety about romantic relationships if they were from divorced families, the link between parental divorce and insecurity in romantic relationships was relatively weak. This finding was important, the researchers say, as it shows that divorce does not have a blanket effect on all close relationships in adulthood but rather is selective affecting some relationships more than others. They also found that parental divorce tends to predict greater insecurity in people's relationships with their fathers than with their mothers.
To help explain why divorce influences maternal relationships more than paternal ones, and to replicate the first study's findings, Fraley and Heffernan repeated their analysis with a new set of 7,500 survey participants. Unlike in the first study, however, they asked the participants to indicate which of their parents had been awarded primary custody following their divorce. The researchers speculated that paternal relationships were more insecure following divorce because mothers are more likely than fathers to be awarded custody.
The majority of participants 74 percent indicated that they had lived with their mothers following divorce or separation, while 11 percent indicated living with their fathers; the remainder lived with grandparents or other caretakers. The researchers found that people were more likely to have an insecure relationship with their father if they lived with their mother and, conversely, were less likely to have an insecure relationship with their father if they lived with him. The results were similar with respect to mothers.
While it is premature to speculate on the implications of this work for decision-making regarding child custody, the work is valuable as it suggests that "something as basic as the amount of time that one spends with a parent or one's living arrangements" can shape the quality of child-parent relationships, write Fraley and Heffernan.
"People's relationships with their parents and romantic partners play important roles in their lives," Fraley says. "This research brings us one step closer to understanding why it is that some people have relatively secure relationships with close others whereas others have more difficulty opening up to and depending on important people in their lives."
###
The study, "Attachment and Parental Divorce: A Test of the Diffusion and Sensitive Period Hypotheses," R. Chris Fraley and Marie E. Heffernan, was published online on June 28, 2013, and is forthcoming in print in September 2013 in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, a journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).
SPSP promotes scientific research that explores how people think, behave, feel, and interact. The Society is the largest organization of social and personality psychologists in the world. Follow us on Twitter: @SPSPnews
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 28-Jun-2013 Share ] Contact: Lisa M.P. Munoz
spsp.publicaffairs@gmail.com
703-951-3195
Society for Personality and Social Psychology
June 28, 2013 - Divorce has a bigger impact on child-parent relationships if it occurs in the first few years of the child's life, according to new research. Those who experience parental divorce early in their childhood tend to have more insecure relationships with their parents as adults than those who experience divorce later, researchers say.
"By studying variation in parental divorce, we are hoping to learn more about how early experiences predict the quality of people's close relationships later in life," says R. Chris Fraley of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Psychologists are especially interested in childhood experiences, as their impact can extend into adulthood, but studying such early experiences is challenging, as people's memories of particular events vary widely. Parental divorce is a good event to study, he says, as people can accurately report if and when their parents divorced, even if they do not have perfect recollection of the details.
In two studies published today in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Fraley and graduate student Marie Heffernan examined the timing and effects of divorce on both parental and romantic relationships, as well as differences in how divorce affects relationships with mothers versus fathers. In the first study, they analyzed data from 7,735 people who participated in a survey about personality and close relationships through yourpersonality.net. More than one-third of the survey participants' parents divorced and the average age of divorce was about 9 years old.
The researchers found that individuals from divorced families were less likely to view their current relationships with their parents as secure. And people who experienced parental divorce between birth and 3 to 5 years of age were more insecure in their current relationships with their parents compared to those whose parents divorced later in childhood.
"A person who has a secure relationship with a parent is more likely than someone who is insecure to feel that they can trust the parent," Fraley says. "Such a person is more comfortable depending on the parent and is confident that the parent will be psychologically available when needed."
Although there was a tendency for people to experience more anxiety about romantic relationships if they were from divorced families, the link between parental divorce and insecurity in romantic relationships was relatively weak. This finding was important, the researchers say, as it shows that divorce does not have a blanket effect on all close relationships in adulthood but rather is selective affecting some relationships more than others. They also found that parental divorce tends to predict greater insecurity in people's relationships with their fathers than with their mothers.
To help explain why divorce influences maternal relationships more than paternal ones, and to replicate the first study's findings, Fraley and Heffernan repeated their analysis with a new set of 7,500 survey participants. Unlike in the first study, however, they asked the participants to indicate which of their parents had been awarded primary custody following their divorce. The researchers speculated that paternal relationships were more insecure following divorce because mothers are more likely than fathers to be awarded custody.
The majority of participants 74 percent indicated that they had lived with their mothers following divorce or separation, while 11 percent indicated living with their fathers; the remainder lived with grandparents or other caretakers. The researchers found that people were more likely to have an insecure relationship with their father if they lived with their mother and, conversely, were less likely to have an insecure relationship with their father if they lived with him. The results were similar with respect to mothers.
While it is premature to speculate on the implications of this work for decision-making regarding child custody, the work is valuable as it suggests that "something as basic as the amount of time that one spends with a parent or one's living arrangements" can shape the quality of child-parent relationships, write Fraley and Heffernan.
"People's relationships with their parents and romantic partners play important roles in their lives," Fraley says. "This research brings us one step closer to understanding why it is that some people have relatively secure relationships with close others whereas others have more difficulty opening up to and depending on important people in their lives."
###
The study, "Attachment and Parental Divorce: A Test of the Diffusion and Sensitive Period Hypotheses," R. Chris Fraley and Marie E. Heffernan, was published online on June 28, 2013, and is forthcoming in print in September 2013 in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, a journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).
SPSP promotes scientific research that explores how people think, behave, feel, and interact. The Society is the largest organization of social and personality psychologists in the world. Follow us on Twitter: @SPSPnews
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-06/sfpa-dei062813.php
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DAKAR, Senegal (AP) ? President Barack Obama on Thursday praised the Supreme Court's ruling on gay marriage as a "victory for American democracy" and said recognition for same-sex unions should cross state lines.
Obama's remarks came in his first stop on a planned weeklong African tour, in a country that outlaws homosexuality. He said while he respects differing religious views on the matter, he wants to send a message to Africans as well about the importance of nondiscrimination under the law.
"People should be treated equally and that's a principal that I think applies universally," he said.
Obama spoke at a news conference after a private meeting with Senegalese President Macky Sall in which Obama said gay rights did not come up. Sall responded that Senegal leads "a very tolerant country" and anti-gay laws are not being prosecuted, "but we are still not ready to decriminalize homosexuality."
"We are still not ready," Sall said, adding that "does not mean we are homophobic."
Obama said he's directing his administration to comb through every federal statute to quickly determine the implications of Wednesday's ruling, which gave the nation's legally married gay couples equal federal footing with all other married Americans.
He said he wants to make sure that gay couples who deserve benefits under the law get them quickly. Obama said he personally believes that gay couples legally married in one state should retain their benefits if they move to another state that doesn't recognize gay marriage.
"I believe at the root of who we are as a people as Americans is the basic represent that we are all equal under the law," he said. "We believe in basic fairness. and what I think yesterday's ruling signifies is one more step towards ensuring that those basic principles apply to everybody."
Obama also offered prayers for former South African President Nelson Mandela, who is gravely ill, ahead of Obama's planned visit to his country this weekend. Obama credited Mandela's example in the anti-apartheid movement of being willing to sacrifice his life for a belief in equal treatment with inspiring Obama's own political activism.
"If and when he passes from this place, his legacy is one that will linger on throughout the ages," Obama said.
Later Obama plans to reflect on the ties many African-Americans share with the continent as he takes a tour of Goree Island, Africa's westernmost point. Africans reportedly were shipped off into slavery across the Atlantic Ocean through the island's "Door of No Return."
Thousands of boisterous revelers welcomed Obama's motorcade Thursday morning in Dakar, cheering and waving homemade signs as the first African-American president made his way to the presidential palace. A large sign outside his hotel gate had pictures of smiling Obama and Sall that read, "Welcome home, President Obama.."
Some in the crowd drummed, danced and sang, and many wore white as a symbol for peace. Sall and his wife, Marieme Faye Sall, greeted Obama and first lady Michelle Obama before entering the palace for a bilateral meeting between the two presidents.
Obama's focus in Senegal is on the modern-day achievements of the former French colony after half a century of independence. Sall ousted an incumbent president who attempted to change the constitution to make it easier for him to be re-elected and pave the way for his son to succeed him. The power grab sparked protests, fueled by hip-hop music and social media, that led to Sall's election.
"Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa," Obama said. "It's moving in the right direction."
But such people-powered democratic transitions are not always the story of the African experience. Fighting and human rights abuses limited Obama's options for stops in his first major tour of sub-Saharan Africa since he took office more than four years ago. Obama is avoiding his father's homeland, Kenya, whose president has been charged with war crimes, and Nigeria, the country with the continent's most dominant economy. Nigeria is enveloped in an Islamist insurgency and military crackdown.
Obama's itinerary in Senegal was designed to send a message, purposefully delivered in a French-speaking, Muslim-majority nation, to other Africans in countries that have not made the strides toward democracy that Senegal has. Obama plans to meet with civil society leaders at the Goree Institute and visit the Supreme Court to speak about the importance of an independent judiciary and the rule of law in Africa's development.
___
Follow Nedra Pickler on Twitter at https://twitter.com/nedrapickler
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-marriage-benefits-cross-state-lines-113509900.html
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Computers may be ubiquitous now but in 1990 they were just beginning to enter the mainstream. And like any revolutionary technology, the desktop computer was viewed with more than a little skepticism by the average American. Luckily, David Neil of PBS's Newton's Apple was there to explain to a group of dubious high schoolers that computers are not inherently evil. And he brought a two story exhibit to help illustrate.
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AUSTIN, Texas (AP) ? Texas' lieutenant governor has acknowledged that Republicans missed their deadline to pass new abortion restrictions after protesters screamed down lawmakers as the final 15 minutes passed before the special legislative session's deadline.
Senators from both parties emerged from a private meeting with Lt. Gov. David Dewhurst and said they were about to officially acknowledge that fact.
Immediately following the vote, Republicans insisted they had started voting before the midnight deadline and passed the bill that Democrats spent much of Tuesday filibustering. But after official computer records and printouts of the voting record showed the vote took place Wednesday, and then were changed to read Tuesday, the senators convened for a private meeting.
More than 400 protesters erupted at 11:45 p.m. when Republicans suspended an 11-hour filibuster staged by Sen. Wendy Davis, D-Fort Worth.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/texas-abortion-bill-falls-challenge-080130212.html
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By Tracy Jarrett, NBC News
The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday threw out a lower court order requiring a South Carolina couple to turn over a young girl they had raised since birth to her biological father simply because he was an American Indian.?
By a 5-4 vote, the court ruled in favor of Matt and Melanie Capobianco, who had been caring for the girl they named Veronica until a family court ordered them to turn her over to her biological father Dusten Brown, a member of the Cherokee Nation.?
"We're thrilled," Mark Fiddler, a lawyer for the couple, said in an interview with Reuters. "Adoption professionals have been perplexed for years over how the ICWA [Indian Child Welfare Act] applies to voluntary adoption proceedings where the unwed father is Indian and the mother is not. The decision today clears up that confusion. It means my clients may proceed with efforts to adopt Veronica,? he said.
The Capobiancos released a statement Tuesday expressing their joy.
"We are very happy with the ruling that came down today. The Supreme Court did everything we asked it to do.? The decision of SCOTUS clearly establishes that our adoption should have been approved, and Veronica should never have been taken away from her home and family in the first place. We miss her very much and we are looking forward to the opportunity to see our daughter very soon."
Baby Veronica has not lived with her adoptive family since 2011.
According to Charles Rothfeld, the father?s attorney, Brown was not aware that his daughter had been put up for adoption. As soon as he learned that she was no longer in Oklahoma, where he resides, Brown immediately took action to get his daughter back, Rothfeld said.
Brown had argued that the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, intended to curb practices that caused many Native American children to be separated from their families, entitled him to custody of the girl, who was 3/256th Cherokee.?
Tuesday, conservative Justice Samuel Alito, writing for the Supreme Court majority, concluded that the law did not bar the termination of Brown's parental rights.?
"Under the State Supreme Court's reading," Alito wrote, "a biological Indian father could abandon his child in utero and refuse any support for the birth mother ... and then could play his ICWA trump card at the eleventh hour to override the mother's decision and the child's best interests.
"If this were possible, many prospective adoptive parents would surely pause before adopting any child who might possibly qualify as an Indian under the ICWA," he wrote.?
Rothfeld said that he and Brown were ?disappointed this hasn't come to an end.?
Although he said he wishes the decision was different, Rothfeld said he was originally concerned that the court would invalidate the ICWA -- which it did not.
?In that sense, we think we were not that unhappy with the decision. As written by the majority [the court?s decision] only applies to a small category of cases.?
The Supreme Court did not grant the couple an adoption, but threw out the South Carolina court decisions awarding custody to the father.?
The court returned the case to the South Carolina state courts for further proceedings.
Currently, Veronica lives with her biological father and stepmother, and has close relationships with her stepsiblings and cousins. ?She is happy and thriving,? Rothfeld said. Veronica will stay with the Browns until the case is settled in lower court.
?We are confident that ultimately the father will retain custody,? Rothfeld said.
The case is Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl et al, U.S. Supreme Court, No. 12-399.?
Reuters contributed to this report.?
Related story:
Adoptive mom: Like Baby Veronica case, we battled tribe for our baby
?
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As Americans we like our president to be some combination of likable and better than us. Our last two presidents got in this way, albeit in very different ways ? Obama shoots hoops and cracks jokes, but he also used to be a Harvard Law professor. George W. Bush was a guy you could get a beer with (nonalcoholic) but he was also from a dynastic political family.
It?s a delicate balance to maintain ? be an American while also being the Best American ? and this weekend, Jamie Foxx gives it his best attempt in White House Down. He?s the president in need of help of getting to safety, so he?s the audience surrogate. But he also has to help Channing Tatum kick some terrorist ass. Go president!
Here are 10 other memorable (fictional) movie presidents.
I wish the real president was sponsored by Mountain Dew and wore the presidential seal around his neck. I mean, again. That?s how FDR got re-elected three times.
Of Peter Sellers? 14 roles in probably the best satire of all time, his least showy is that of President Merkin Muffley, a bald, sniffling do-nothing that isn?t played for laughs, unless you realize that he?s doing a stellar impression of forgettable two-time presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson.
A lot of critics and hardcore fans thought this long-awaited big-screen adaptation of Douglas Adams? perfect comic novel was a mess, and maybe it was. But Sam Rockwell?s two-headed, split personality Zaphod Beeblebrox heavily inspired by George W. Bush (see presidential duality above) was a nice choice, and a way to make the ?70s material still seem satirically relevant.
In this 2003 movie that seemed highly fantastical at the time, Chris Rock plays an African-American councilman who rockets to presidential candidacy. Rock wrote the movie, and achieves the difficult task of mixing bitter political humor, thoughtful commentary on modern-day racism, and tons of heart. You?ll laugh at the white flight out of the suburbs to the polls when the fear of a possible black president sets in (set to Outkast?s ?Bombs Over Baghdad?), and you?ll get misty at the triumphant ending.
A big ensemble comedy like what they had in the ?60s, Jack Nicholson plays two roles?a skeevy Burt Reynolds type, and a skeevy Jack Nicholson type who is also president of the United States who, out of options, unctuously tries to capitulate to the monstrous alien invaders.
In which the idea that the president is a regular guy is taken to its comical extreme, in that a regular guy who looks like the president steps in for him for a few days and fixes a lot of the president?s personal and work problems. Populist as fuck.
If there were an alien invasion on par with the one in Independence Day, I?d think we?d all want a president like Bill Pullman?s President Whitmore. He suits back up to fight on the front lines! He shows no fear! He gives one of the most memorable (I know, it?s not real) political speeches of all time!
Known in some territories as Operation: Get the President Laid.
It?s the prime minister we?re talking about in this one (?prime minister? is an English word that means ?England president?). The American president?Billy Bob Thornton was slyly cast, and portrays him as an immoral Southern sexist pig. But While Thornton reflected Clinton, Hugh Grant was the cinema version of young, cool British PM Tony Blair, and his vignette trying to romance his aide is pretty damn winning.
Starring President Harrison Ford as Himself.
Source: http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1927744/news/1927744/
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"On a more global perspective, there needs to be more IT expertise at the "The way organizations use information technology is critical to the success of a company. If you're not doing it well, it doesn't matter how great your product or service is, that can be enough to shut down a business." (Credit: Leo Reynolds/Flickr)
IOWA STATE (US) ? Many organizations fail to make cybersecurity a strategic priority, but experts say it?s time for that philosophy to change.
Hackers have attacked news organizations, social media sites, major corporations, and government agencies, accessing private documents and personal information. Corporations must develop a proactive strategy so they are not forced to react when there is a threat or security breach, say the researchers.
The cost to a corporation or the customer if hackers gain access to secure information is one factor to consider. With the growing demand for digitally shared data and information, security can no longer be viewed as just a necessary cost of business, says Anthony Townsend, an associate professor of supply chain and information systems in Iowa State University?s College of Business.
?If you have an active and aggressive security team in the organization, you don?t have to get hacked,? Townsend says. ?It?s like leaving your door unlocked. If a burglar comes to your house and can just walk through the door, well, that?s easy for him. But if he has to jimmy the lock and there?s good security, he?ll go someplace else.?
Companies are certainly not just sitting idly by, but too often those making the decisions about security lack information technology expertise, says Samuel DeMarie, an associate professor of management. If an organization waits to test the effectiveness of its cybersecurity until there is a problem, it?s too late.
?On a more global perspective, there needs to be more IT expertise at the very top of corporations,? DeMarie says.
?The way organizations use information technology is critical to the success of a company. If you?re not doing it well, it doesn?t matter how great your product or service is, that can be enough to shut down a business.?
The risk in connectivity
Connecting instantaneously with other firms is a necessity for businesses to share information quickly and efficiently. Unfortunately, it increases the security risk, says Brian Mennecke, an associate professor of supply chain and information systems.
He expects businesses, especially small-to-midsize businesses, to outsource security as the threats to information systems become more complex.
?I think increasingly that?s what we?re going to see with organizations moving more of these sensitive operations that are vulnerable to attack, to platforms where they can trust a vendor to provide a higher level of security than they would be able to provide themselves,? Mennecke says.
On an individual level, Mennecke compares outsourcing security to the decision to purchase a bank lock box. It is a way to protect important documents that you fear cannot be kept safe at home.
?There?s a cost involved, but there?s a greater good to achieve by making sure important documents and resources are maintained as secure,? Mennecke says.
Of course, there is also an inherent risk in outsourcing such a critical function as security. There is no 100 percent guarantee and it is difficult to repair the damage if a third party violates an agreement. The case of Edward Snowden, a former National Security Agency contractor who leaked confidential documents to a journalist, is just one example of what can happen when that trust is broken.
Security as advantage
Making cybersecurity a priority within a firm?s operational plans is more than an investment; it?s a shift in the organizational culture. DeMarie says a company must weigh that investment with the potential costs and loss of business if hackers successfully shut down its information system.
?A cyber attack could be devastating to some companies,? DeMarie says. ?Millions of dollars could be lost if they were shut down. I think a lot of companies just feel like they?ve got it covered. They hope their IT guys know what they?re doing.?
But DeMarie, Townsend, and Mennecke see a strong cybersecurity system as a competitive edge to attract new clients and customers.
?A proactive and well-managed security function in the organization means your customer credit card numbers are safe. You?re not in the newspaper because you got hacked recently. It actually appears to convey a specific advantage in terms of customer retention and satisfaction with the firm knowing that you have decent security. It?s not an afterthought,? Townsend says.
Security will increasingly become a greater priority for customers and clients as more business functions are handled online and digitally. Townsend says the organization with the stronger security presence will have the advantage.
The three researchers will present their paper in August at the Americas Conference on Information Systems in Chicago.
Source: Iowa State University
Source: http://www.futurity.org/society-culture/cyber-security-can-make-or-break-business/
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NEW YORK (AP) ? Volatile trading on Wall Street continued Tuesday as stock futures recovered from a big sell-off at the start of the week.
Dow Jones industrial futures rose 79 points to 14,667. The broader S&P futures added 10.6 points to 1,576.80. Nasdaq futures rose 20.5 points to 2,864.50.
Tuesday also offered markets the week's first economic indicators.
Businesses ramped up orders for long-lasting manufactured goods, according to the Commerce Department.
Orders for durable goods increased 3.6 percent last month, matching April's gain, but it was also much stronger than most economists had expected.
It is the first time since late 2011 that orders have risen for three consecutive months.
Orders for such goods are considered a proxy for investment plans and business confidence.
Economists expect the Conference Board's consumer confidence index for June, to be released Tuesday, will decline after reaching its highest point in five years in May.
The Commerce Department releases its new homes sales report for May as well. Economists expect that sales may have risen at their fastest clip in five years.
Second-quarter earnings from Lennar Corp., the nation's third-largest homebuilder, appeared to buttress economist predictions Tuesday.
Lennar topped Wall Street expectations and CEO Stuart Miller said that demand in all of the company's markets continues to outpace supply.
Home deliveries climbed 39 percent to 4,464 homes, while new orders rose 27 percent to 5,705 homes
Shares of homebuilders, led by Lennar, rose sharply in premarket trading.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-futures-businesses-ramp-orders-goods-125907744.html
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FILE - In this Nov. 6, 2012 file photo, a voter holds their voting permit and ID card at the Washington Mill Elementary School near Mount Vernon, Va. Across the South, Republicans are working to take advantage of a new political landscape after a divided U.S. Supreme Court freed all or part of 15 states, many of them in the old Confederacy, from having to ask Washington's permission before changing election procedures in jurisdictions with histories of discrimination. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
FILE - In this Nov. 6, 2012 file photo, a voter holds their voting permit and ID card at the Washington Mill Elementary School near Mount Vernon, Va. Across the South, Republicans are working to take advantage of a new political landscape after a divided U.S. Supreme Court freed all or part of 15 states, many of them in the old Confederacy, from having to ask Washington's permission before changing election procedures in jurisdictions with histories of discrimination. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
FILE - In this Nov. 7, 2012 file photo, a Madison, Miss., poll worker, right, returns to a voter her driver's license at a precinct in Madison. Across the South, Republicans are working to take advantage of a new political landscape after a divided U.S. Supreme Court freed all or part of 15 states, many of them in the old Confederacy, from having to ask Washington's permission before changing election procedures in jurisdictions with histories of discrimination. (AP Photo/Rogelio V. Solis, File)
ATLANTA (AP) ? Across the South, Republicans are working to take advantage of a new political landscape after a divided U.S. Supreme Court freed all or part of 15 states, many of them in the old Confederacy, from having to ask Washington's permission before changing election procedures in jurisdictions with histories of discrimination.
After the high court announced its momentous ruling Tuesday, officials in Texas and Mississippi pledged to immediately implement laws requiring voters to show photo identification before getting a ballot. North Carolina Republicans promised they would quickly try to adopt a similar law. Florida now appears free to set its early voting hours however Gov. Rick Scott and the GOP Legislature please. And Georgia's most populous county likely will use county commission districts that Republican state legislators drew over the objections of local Democrats.
Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the 5-4 opinion that struck down as outdated a key provision of the landmark 1965 law credited with ensuring ballot access to millions of black Americans, American Indians and other minorities. Roberts' opinion gives Congress an opportunity to retool the law's so-called preclearance sections that give the U.S. Justice Department veto power over local elections. But the prospects of a quick fix seem uncertain, at best, given stark ideological divides on Capitol Hill on a host of matters.
Southern Republicans largely hailed Roberts' opinion as recognition of racial progress since President Lyndon Johnson signed the law at the apex of the civil rights movement.
"Over the last half-century, Georgia has reformed, and our state is a proud symbol of progress," Gov. Nathan Deal said. "Today's decision guarantees that Georgia will be treated like every other state ? a right we have earned." In neighboring Alabama, where the case originated, Gov. Robert Bentley said, "We have long lived up to what happened" in the Jim Crow era, "and we have made sure it's not going to happen again."
Democrats and civil rights attorneys lambasted the ruling as a setback for the very advancement Republicans highlighted, and the dissenters predicted a proliferation of laws designed to curtail minority participation in elections.
Rep. John Lewis, an Atlanta Democrat and civil rights activist who was beaten as he advocated for voting rights in the 1960s, called the ruling a "dagger."
President Barack Obama said he was "deeply disappointed" in the court overturning "well-established practices that help make sure voting is fair."
At Obama's Justice Department, officials opted for caution. They said the agency, which enforces federal voting laws, has in hand 276 submissions from state and local governments seeking preclearance. The department will issue guidance on those pending laws and procedures in the next few days, they said.
For five decades, the law required that certain states and localities with a history of discrimination submit all of their election laws ? from new congressional district maps to the precinct locations and voting hours ? to Justice Department lawyers for approval. Congress reauthorized the law multiple times, the latest in 2006 with overwhelming bipartisanship capped by a 98-0 Senate vote.
Election officials in Alabama's Shelby County, a suburban enclave nestled between civil rights hot spots Birmingham and Selma, brought suit asking the courts to invalidate Sections 4 and 5, which set preclearance parameters.
The Roberts majority, which included conservatives Samuel Alito, Anthony Kennedy, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, sidestepped whether the advance approval requirement is constitutional, ostensibly leaving Section 5 on the books. But the justices, all appointed by Republican presidents, threw out the Section 4 formula that determined what jurisdictions must have the advance federal oversight. Roberts reasoned that the original formula ? extended through reauthorizations ? is obsolete because Congress based it on 1960s voter registration and turnout data. The chief justice emphasized, however, that Congress can rewrite the formula to reflect "current conditions," though he didn't offer recommendations or acknowledge the inherent political challenges involved.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg dissented on behalf of the court's liberal bloc, all of them Democratic appointees. Ginsburg argued that continued discrimination, which Roberts himself noted in the majority opinion, demands continued federal oversight.
Critics of the majority also chided court conservatives for striking down congressional action, given that the 14th and 15th amendments authorize Congress to enact laws enforcing the amendments' protections against discrimination.
Before the ruling, the formula required reviews for all of Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia; and parts of California, Florida, Michigan, New York, North Carolina and South Dakota.
Justice Department attorneys have used Section 5 in multiple cases to block voter identification laws, saying they discriminate against minority and poor voters who are less likely to have the required government-issued documents. Over the law's existence, many Southern states have ended up watching courts drawing legislative and congressional district lines after federal authorities used Section 5 to invalidate what state lawmakers did.
South Carolina has successfully implemented a voter identification law, but only after revising its preferred policy after Gov. Nikki Haley and other Republicans negotiated with the Obama administration. Under the court's ruling, no negotiations would've been necessary.
Within hours of Tuesday's decision, Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott declared on Twitter, "(U.S. Attorney General) Eric Holder can no longer deny VoterID in Texas." The Texas Department of Public Safety announced later in the day that on Thursday it would begin distributing photo IDs under a 2011 law that Holder's lawyers had blocked under Section 5.
In Mississippi, the secretary of state said her office would begin enforcing a pending voter ID law for primaries in June 2014. North Carolina Republicans said they plan swift action on a pending voter ID bill.
Laughlin McDonald, who heads the American Civil Liberties Union's voting rights office, said he agrees that pending submissions to the Justice Department are now moot. It's less clear what happens to scores of laws that the feds have already denied since the 2006 reauthorization. McDonald said he believes a state or other covered jurisdiction would have a strong case to argue that it could implement any affected law it has passed since the reauthorization.
That could be an issue in some disputes over at-large voting districts. The Justice Department denied some proposals where the population of an entire county or city would elect all representatives of a governing body, potentially diluting the influence of a minority that would otherwise be able to influence outcomes within single districts.
The case does not affect the act's Section 2 prohibition against voter discrimination based on race, color or other minority status. Still, the burden shifts to a citizen who must prove discrimination, whereas the preclearance process required state and local governments to prove in advance that a policy wouldn't harm minority voters. Also untouched is Section 3, which allows the government to require preclearance based on more recent discrimination. The Justice Department has used that provision to extend oversight in Arkansas and New Mexico.
Georgia Secretary of State Brian Kemp, a Republican who supports the court's finding, said Section 2 gives citizens a legal recourse, while Section 3 gives the government a tool to police wayward local officials. He noted that Holder used Section 2 to go after Pennsylvania's voter ID law in a state not covered by preclearance.
"Look," he said, "this is already happening in other states and nobody is screaming and hollering about it."
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Source: http://rss.slashdot.org/~r/Slashdot/slashdotScience/~3/m3AT8LSV6qw/story01.htm
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Seeking to propel the US faster into the fray on curbing climate change, President Obama laid out an aggressive plan Tuesday to sharply curb smokestack emissions of existing coal-fired power plants and to double wind, solar, and other renewable energy production from today?s levels.
Under a hot summer sun, wiping his brow repeatedly as if to underscore the presence of global climate change, Mr. Obama told an audience of students at Georgetown University that future generations of Americans ? including their children ? would have to live with the consequences of current US climate policy.
?We don't have time for a meeting of the flat earth society,? Obama said. ?Sticking your head in the sand might make you feel safer, but it's not going to protect you from the coming storm. And ultimately, we will be judged as a people and as a society and as a country on where we go from here.?
RECOMMENDED: Think you know the odd effects of global climate change? Take our quiz.
Though welcoming any support from lawmakers, he said he would forge ahead even without help from Congress, which has not been able to pass a climate change bill since Obama took office.
In going it alone, the president framed his program in terms of what he could accomplish solely with regulatory power of the executive branch in three areas: cutting carbon pollution using the Clean Air Act; preparing the US for the worst impacts of climate change through investment in infrastructure and technology; and leading diplomatic efforts to address the issue internationally.
Measures, he said, would include developing new efficiency standards for buildings and appliances, expanding energy sources like solar and wind on public lands, and bolstering climate-change affected communities. It would also mean investments in a hardened power grid, highways, sea walls, and other infrastructure to prepare for more damaging storms and other impacts of global warming.
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The fate of the controversial Keystone XL pipeline, he suggested, would be determined by whether or not it would contribute to global warming through a net increase in greenhouse gases ? or not.
By far, the most significant and controversial part of the plan is his new mandate for the Environmental Protection Agency to develop regulations limiting greenhouse gas emissions from both new and existing coal-fired power plants. It's that part of the plan that holds the potential to reap huge gains ? slashing carbon emissions as much as 500 million tons a year, according to a recent study by the Natural Resources Defense Council.
The electric utility industry is the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, accounting for one-third of total US greenhouse gas emissions and about 40 percent of all carbon pollution from fossil fuel burning.
Newly proposed power plants were already in the EPA's cross-hairs for greenhouse gas regulations under the Clean Air Act. But the president?s move to expand such controls to existing plants can, all by itself, get Obama a long way toward his goal of a 17 percent reduction in US greenhouse gas emissions ? from 2005 levels ? by 2020.
There are, so far, precious few details on how the EPA will handle this mandate. But clues as to how it might happen can perhaps be found in recent reports by environmental groups ? and in the president?s speech.
Obama spoke about ?directing the EPA to develop these standards in an open and transparent way, to provide flexibility to different states with different needs and build on the leadership that many states and cities and companies have already shown.?
That flexibility mandate could easily end up mirroring a state-by-state averaging approach to carbon emissions from power plants, which was detailed in an influential NRDC plan that appeared in December, several energy experts said.
Under that plan, EPA would, first, set state-specific emissions rates, ?reflecting the diversity of the nation?s electricity sector.? Second, it would give power plant owners and states broad flexibility to meet standards in the most cost-effective way. The EPA would then set emissions standards ? the rate of carbon emissions ? for power plants by first tallying the share of electricity generated by coal and gas-fired plants in each state during a set of baseline years ? in the NRDC example, 2008-10. Then, the agency would set a target emission rate for each state for 2020, based on the state?s baseline share of coal and gas generation.
Finally, the emissions standard for each state would be a cumulative, overall emission rate average of all fossil fuel plants in the state. Under that umbrella, an individual plant could emit at a higher or lower rate, the NRDC plan suggests.
?Under a plan the NRDC has proposed, the Environmental Protection Agency could develop safeguards under which each state would have its own carbon reduction target, tailored to its specific energy mix,? said President Frances Beinecke, in a statement this week. ?Utilities would have the flexibility to find the most cost-effective way to hit the target.?
Computer modeling of the NRDC plan, which used the same model used by the EPA, suggests that if the EPA does follow this approach, the US could see a 26 percent cut in power plant emissions ? and an overall reduction in the US carbon footprint of 10 percent by 2020 ? the largest share of achieving the 17 percent reduction the president has called for.
But it could also mean closing many conventional power plants that can?t meet even flexible emissions standards ? and that worries the utility industry.
The electric generation fleet ?is in the midst of a major transformation to a significantly cleaner fleet as a result of several factors,? acknowledged Tom Kuhn, president of the Edison Electric Institute, the trade group representing 70 percent of the US electric power industry.
Concerning the president?s plan, the industry wants ?achievable compliance limits and deadlines,? he said, in a statement. ?We look forward to working with the administration as it further develops its climate plan and with other key stakeholders, including Congress and the states, which will play a critical role in helping to forge workable regulations.?
Anticipating opposition in Congress and among industry groups, Obama took on his critics in advance, noting that past regulatory measures that cleaned up smog and acid raid were, at the time, predicted to have drastic impacts on the economy. That didn't happen, Obama said.
?Now, what you will hear from the special interests and their allies in Congress is that this will kill jobs and crush the economy and basically end free enterprise as we know it,? Obama said. ?The reason I know you'll hear those things is because that's what they've said every time America sets clear rules and better standards for our air and our water and our children's health. And every time, they've been wrong.?
The alternative, he noted, is that those in positions of responsibility ?will need to be less concerned with the judgment of special interests and well-connected donors and more concerned with the judgment of posterity ? because you and your children and your children's children will have to live with the consequences of our decisions.?
RECOMMENDED: Think you know the odd effects of global climate change? Take our quiz.
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/climate-change-obama-announces-curbs-existing-power-plants-234520881.html
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An innovative new space network goes into orbit on Monday.
O3b will put a series of satellites 8,000km above the Earth to provide communications to those parts of the world that have poor fibre optic infrastructure.
With backing from blue chip companies such as Google, O3b believes its novel system can change the broadband experience for millions of people.
The network's first four satellites will launch from French Guiana.
They will ride a Soyuz rocket from the Sinnamary spaceport, with lift-off scheduled for 15:53 local time (18:53 GMT).
It will take just over two hours for the Soyuz's Fregat upper-stage to raise the satellites to their operational altitude.
O3b will handle primarily voice and data traffic for mobile phone operators and internet service providers. It will pick up this traffic as the spacecraft pass overhead and then relay it to ground stations, or teleports, for onward connection to global networks.
Although other satellites routinely do this, O3b is taking a markedly different approach.
By flying in a Medium-Earth Orbit of 8,000km, its satellites will be a quarter of the distance from Earth than is the case with traditional geostationary (GEO) telecommunications spacecraft, which sit some 36,000km above the planet.
This should reduce substantially the delay, or latency, of the signal as the voice or data traffic is routed via space.
"The network was designed to avoid much of the difficulty that satellite connectivity provides today which is this delay," said O3b CEO Steve Collar.
"We've all been on a satellite call and you have that 600 milliseconds delay, which doesn't sound like much but it's enough to make that connection almost unusable. It's just as much of a problem on data networks. If you are on the internet and are searching for a site, it affects your behaviour if you get slow responses. You'll stop using the service. We wanted to fix those problems and the only way to fix them is to bring the satellites closer to Earth."
O3b is promising round-trip transmission time of a little more than 100 milliseconds.
The satellites will operate in the high-frequency Ka-band and have the capability to deliver 10 beams, at 1.2Gbps per beam, to each of O3b's seven operational regions.
The company expects to start services at the end of the year, once it gets eight spacecraft in orbit, but the intention is to put up perhaps as many as 20 eventually.
It has taken about six years to put the O3b project together. Important backers include not only Google but SES, one of the big players in the traditional satellite communications business.
O3b was born from founder Greg Wyler's frustration with the difficulty of connecting a modern teleco in Rwanda to the global fibre optic network, and the constraints that placed on performance.
O3b actually stands for "other three billion" - the number of people whose poor communications experience is expected to improve over the coming decade. O3b sees itself as an important agent of that change.
"There are two billion people in the world that are connected to the internet today; there are five billion who are not; and three billion who will be in the course of the next 10-15 years," said Mr Collar. "The other three billion is our target - that's who we're trying to reach, and that's where our name comes from."
The Jersey, Channel Islands-based outfit has raised more than $1bn to build its space and ground infrastructure.
O3b's largest debt facility, over $0.5bn, is provided by HSBC, ING, CA-CIB and Dexia, and is underwritten by the French export credit agency, Coface. The agency is supporting three new space constellations, all of them built by Thales Alenia Space.
The 700kg spacecraft that TAS is building for O3b are based on the 24 spacecraft it has just finished for the Globalstar satellite phone network.
One of the challenges of running the system is tracking platforms as they move across the sky.
"The constellation will be spread equally around the equator which means you have to pick the satellite up as it comes over the horizon and follow it to the other side; and as soon as it goes out of visibility there is already another satellite waiting to be picked up," explained Philippe Nabet, the TAS programme manager on the O3b project.
"There will be three antennas at the ground stations - two to track the satellites; the third is a spare."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23028083#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa
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